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| 1980~2015年东北沼泽湿地景观格局及气候变化特征 |
| Change Characteristics of Landscape Pattern and Climate in Marsh Areas of Northeast China during 1980-2015 |
| 投稿时间：2019-08-14 修订日期：2019-10-08 |
| DOI：10.14050/j.cnki.1672-9250.2020.48.050 |
| 中文关键词: 沼泽湿地;景观格局;气候变化;东北地区 |
| 英文关键词: marsh wetland;landscape pattern;climate change;Northeast China |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41971065、41601048）；吉林省优秀青年人才基金项目（20190103013JH）；中国科学院青年创新促进会项目（2019235）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 东北地区是我国沼泽湿地的主要分布区，了解东北沼泽湿地景观格局及气候变化特征对东北地区沼泽湿地研究及区域沼泽湿地生态系统保护具有重要意义。本文利用东北地区沼泽湿地分布数据集及1980~2015年东北地区年均气温、年均降水量数据集，分析东北地区沼泽湿地景观格局及气候变化特征。研究结果表明，近36年，东北地区沼泽湿地退化显著，但沼泽湿地斑块数量明显增多。1980~2015年东北沼泽湿地面积减少了30.81%，斑块数量增加了69.76%，景观破碎度指数增加了0.15，沼泽湿地退化特征体现为湿地斑块的破碎化。在东北不同的生态功能区，沼泽湿地退化及斑块破碎化均非常明显，其中，三江平原沼泽湿地面积在1980~2015年减少了高达53.27%，内蒙古东部及大兴安岭沼泽湿地破碎化程度最大，湿地斑块数量在近36年分别增加了163.80%和119.51%。在气候变化方面，东北沼泽湿地年均气温在1980~2015年总体呈现显著升温趋势（P<0.05），气温上升幅度为每十年上升0.29℃。在降水变化方面，东北沼泽湿地年均降水量在1980~2015年总体呈现下降趋势（-5.70 mm/10a），但下降趋势并不显著（P>0.05）；在不同生态功能区，辽河平原沼泽湿地年均降水量在1980~2015年呈现显著的下降趋势（-29.50 mm/10a），而其他生态功能区降水变化并不显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Northeast China has the largest area of freshwater marsh in China. Understanding the landscape pattern and climate change characteristics of marsh is of great significance to protect marshes and regional marsh ecosystems in Northeast China. Based on mash distribution data, annual average temperature and precipitation data in Northeast China, landscape pattern and climate changes in the marsh areas in northeast China during 1980-2015 were studied. The results showed that, during the past 36 years, the northeast marsh wetlands degraded significantly, e.g. the total area of marsh decreased by 30.81%, but the number of wetland patches increased significantly, the number of patches and the landscape fragmentation index increased by 69.76% and 0.15, respectively. The marsh degradation could be presented by the fragmentation of wetland patches. Both the degradation of marshes and the fragmentation of marsh patches were obvious in all ecological function regions. The area of marsh wetland in the Sanjiang Plain decreased by about 53.27% during 1980-2015. The fragmentation degrees of marsh wetland in two ecological functional regions, the eastern Inner Mongolia and the Greater Khingan Mountains, were biggest, their number of wetland patches increased by 163.80% and 119.51%, respectively. In terms of temperature, the annual average temperature of northeast marshes showed a significant warming trend (P<0.05) with a rate of 0.29℃ per decade during 1980-2015, In terms of precipitation, the annual average precipitation of northeast marshes showed an overall decreasing trend (-5.70 mm/decade) during 1980-2015, but the declining trend was not significant (P>0.05). For different ecological function regions, the annual average precipitation showed a significant declining trend (-29.50 mm/decade) in marshes of the Liaohe Plain but not in other ecological function areas during 1980-2015. |
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