地球与环境

文章摘要

红枫湖流域枯水期土壤理化特征与磷素分异研究

Physical-chemical Characteristics and Phosphorus Distribution in Soils from the Lake Hongfeng Watershed in Dry Seasons

投稿时间：2014-05-08 修订日期：2014-07-18

DOI：

中文关键词: 红枫湖流域;土壤;磷;农业面源污染

英文关键词: Lake Hongfeng Watershed;soil;phosphorus;agricultural non-point pollution

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41273151,41273148);贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合[2012103]86号);贵州省省长专项资金项目(黔省专合字[2012]7号)。

作者	单位
张润宇, 王立英, 陈敬安	中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550002

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中文摘要:

对贵州省红枫湖枯水期流域土壤的理化性质、磷素含量与形态分布进行了初步研究。结果表明,土壤偏酸性,以粉砂粒为主,消落带土样含水率略高于林地和荒地。表土全磷和速效磷含量为99.6~679.5 mg/kg和1.1~18.6 mg/kg,低于我国土壤平均水平,属喀斯特地质性缺磷;最高值分布在受人类活动污染严重的管理处和后午,且随土层深度的增加而降低。土壤中不同磷形态的含量顺序为Residual-P > NaOH-P > HCl-P > NaHCO₃-P > H₂O-P。其中,耕作土壤中有机碳、全氮、全磷和速效磷含量,以及H₂O-P、NaHCO₃-P和总可提取态磷的比例均显著高于荒地和林地,表明耕作与施肥过程不仅提高了土壤全磷和生物活性磷含量,也加剧了水土流失的环境风险。

英文摘要:

Physical-chemical properties, contents and form distribution of phosphorus (P) in soils from the Lake Hongfeng Watershed were investigated during a drought period. The results showed that soil was acidic, with silt-dominating particle size composition. Water contents were slightly higher in soils from the water-level-fluctuating zone than those of abandoned land. Due to P deficiency in karst geological areas, total P and available P were below the national average level, ranging from 99.6 to 679.5 mg/kg and from 1.1 to 8.6 mg/kg in top soils of the Lake Hongfeng Watershed. The highest values of total P and available P occurred in soils of management office and Houwu with heavy human activities, and gradually reduced with increasing soil depth. Soil P forms varied in the rank order of Residual-P > NaOH-P > HCl-P > NaHCO₃-P > H₂O-P. The contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total P and available P, the proportions of H₂O-P, NaHCO₃-P and total extractable P were significantly higher than those of forest land and abandoned land, suggesting that the cultivation and fertilization processes have not only improved the contents of total and bio-available P, but also enhanced soil loss risk on the water environment.

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